Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Protein, Peptides, na Amino Acids
Ndị na-edozi: macromolecules na-arụ ọrụ nke otu ma ọ bụ karịa polypeptide chains na-atụgharị n'ime akụkụ atọ kpọmkwem site na helices, mpempe akwụkwọ, wdg.
Chain Polypeptide: Molecules yiri yinye nke nwere amino acid abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa jikọtara ya na njikọ peptide.
Amino acid: Ihe ndị bụ isi ụlọ nke protein; ihe karịrị ụdị 20 dị na okike.
Na nchịkọta, protein nwere agbụ polypeptide, nke n'aka nke ya bụ amino acid.
Usoro nke mgbari Protein na absorption na anụmanụ
Usoro ọgwụgwọ ọnụ: A na-agbaji nri site n'ịta ọnụ, na-abawanye ebe elu maka mgbaze enzymatic. Ebe ọ bụ na ọnụ enweghị enzymes nri nri, a na-ewere nzọụkwụ a dị ka mgbaze n'ibu.
Mgbawa mbido afọ na afọ:
Mgbe protein ndị ahụ kewara ekewa banye n'ime afọ, gastric acid na-ewepụ ha, na-ekpughe njikọ nke peptide. Pepsin na-ejizi enzymatic na-akụda protein ndị ahụ n'ime nnukwu polypeptides molekụla, nke mechaa banye n'ime eriri afọ.
Mgbaze n'ime eriri afọ nta: Trypsin na chymotrypsin na obere eriri afọ na-agbajikwa polypeptides n'ime obere peptides (dipeptides ma ọ bụ tripeptides) na amino acids. A na-etinyezi ihe ndị a n'ime sel eriri afọ site na sistemu mbufe amino acid ma ọ bụ obere ụgbọ njem peptide.
N'ihe oriri anụmanụ, ma protein-chelated trace elements na obere peptide-chelated trace elements na-eme ka bioavailability nke ihe ndị na-achọpụta ihe site na chelation dị iche iche, mana ha dị iche iche na usoro mmịnye ha, nkwụsi ike, na ọnọdụ ndapụta. Ihe ndị a na-enye ntụle ntụnyere site na akụkụ anọ: usoro nnabata, njirimara nhazi, mmetụta ngwa, na ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị.
1. Usoro absorption:
| Ngosi atụ atụ | Ihe nchọta nke nwere protein chepụtara | Obere ihe nchọta peptide chepụtara |
|---|---|---|
| Nkọwa | Chelates na-eji protein macromolecular (dịka ọmụmaatụ, protein osisi hydrolyzed, protein whey) dị ka ndị na-ebu. Metal ion (dịka, Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺) na-etolite njikọ nhazi na otu carboxyl (-COOH) na amino (-NH₂) nke fọdụrụnụ amino acid. | Na-eji obere peptides (nke amino acid 2-3 mejupụtara) dị ka ndị na-ebu. Ọdịda ọla na-etolite chelates mgbanaka ise ma ọ bụ isii nwere otu amino, otu carboxyl na otu yinye akụkụ. |
| Ụzọ absorption | Chọrọ ndakpọ site na proteases (dịka ọmụmaatụ, trypsin) n'ime eriri afọ n'ime obere peptides ma ọ bụ amino acid, na-ahapụ ion metal chepụtara. Ion ndị a na-abanye n'ọbara site na mgbasa ozi na-agafe agafe ma ọ bụ njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike site na ọwa ion (dịka, DMT1, ZIP/ZnT transporters) na sel epithelial intestinal. | Enwere ike itinye uche ya dị ka chelates na-emebibeghị ozugbo site na onye na-ebugharị peptide (PepT1) na sel epithelial intestinal. N'ime cell, ion metal na-ewepụta enzymes intracellular. |
| Oke | Ọ bụrụ na ọrụ nke enzymes digestive ezughi oke (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụmụ anụmanụ na-eto eto ma ọ bụ n'okpuru nrụgide), arụmọrụ nke mmebi protein dị ala. Nke a nwere ike bute mmebi nke usoro chelate n'oge, na-ekwe ka ion metal na-ejikọta ya site na ihe mgbochi na-edozi ahụ dị ka phytate, na-ebelata ojiji. | Na-agafe mmachi asọmpi nke eriri afọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na phytic acid), na nnabata anaghị adabere na ọrụ enzyme nri nri. Kwesịrị ekwesị maka ụmụ anụmanụ na-eto eto nwere usoro mgbari nri na-eto eto ma ọ bụ anụmanụ na-arịa ọrịa / adịghị ike. |
2. Àgwà owuwu na nkwụsi ike:
| Njirimara | Ihe nchọta nke nwere protein chepụtara | Obere ihe nchọta peptide chepụtara |
|---|---|---|
| Ibu molekụla | Nnukwu (5,000 ~ 20,000 Da) | Obere (200-500 Da) |
| Chelate Bond Ike | Otutu njikọ nhazi, mana mgbagwoju anya molekul na-eduga na nkwụsi ike n'ozuzu adịghị oke. | Mfe nkenke peptide dị mkpụmkpụ na-enye ohere ka e guzobe ihe mgbanaka kwụsiri ike. |
| Ike mgbochi nnyonye anya | Na-enwe mmetụta nke acid gastric na mgbanwe na pH intestinal. | Acid siri ike na nguzogide alkali; nkwụsi ike dị elu na gburugburu eriri afọ. |
3. Mmetụta Ngwa:
| Ihe ngosi | Protein chelates | Obere Peptide Chelates |
|---|---|---|
| Nnweta bioailability | Ọ dabere na ọrụ enzyme digestive. Dị irè na anụmanụ ndị toro eto dị mma, mana arụmọrụ na-ebelata nke ukwuu na ụmụ anụmanụ na-eto eto ma ọ bụ ndị nwere nrụgide. | N'ihi ụzọ nnabata ozugbo na usoro kwụsiri ike, ọnụọgụ bioavailability nke mkpụrụ ndụ dị 10% ~ 30% dị elu karịa nke protein chelates. |
| Extensibility arụ ọrụ | Ọrụ adịghị ike na-adịtụ, nke na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ndị na-ebu ihe. | Obere peptides n'onwe ha nwere ọrụ dị ka nchịkwa mgbochi yana ọrụ antioxidant, na-enye mmetụta mmekọrịta siri ike na ihe ndị na-achọpụta ihe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Selenomethionine peptide na-enye ma mgbakwunye selenium na ọrụ antioxidant). |
4. Ọnọdụ dabara adaba na echiche akụ na ụba:
| Ihe ngosi | Ihe nchọta nke nwere protein chepụtara | Obere ihe nchọta peptide chepụtara |
|---|---|---|
| Ụmụ anụmanụ dabara adaba | Anụmanụ ndị toro eto nwere ahụike (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ezì na-emecha, ịkụ ọkụkọ) | Ụmụ anụmanụ na-eto eto, ụmụ anụmanụ nọ n'okpuru nrụgide, ụdị mmiri na-emepụta ihe dị elu |
| Ọnụ | Obere (ihe akụrụngwa dị ngwa ngwa, usoro dị mfe) | Elu (ọnụahịa dị elu nke obere peptide njikọ na ịdị ọcha) |
| Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi | Enwere ike ịpụpụ akụkụ ndị na-adịghị amị mkpụrụ na nsị, nwere ike imerụ gburugburu ebe obibi. | Ọnụego ojiji dị elu, obere ihe ize ndụ nke mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. |
Nchịkọta:
(1) Maka ụmụ anụmanụ nwere nnukwu ihe achọrọ na ike mgbari nri (dịka ọmụmaatụ, piglets, chicks, shrimp larvae), ma ọ bụ anụmanụ chọrọ mmezi ngwa ngwa nke adịghị ike, a na-atụ aro obere peptide chelates dị ka nhọrọ kacha mkpa.
(2) Maka otu ndị nwere mmetụta dị ọnụ ala nwere ọrụ mgbari nri nkịtị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, anụ ụlọ na anụ ọkụkọ n'oge ngwụcha ngwụcha), enwere ike ịhọrọ ihe nchọta protein chelate.
Oge nzipu: Nov-14-2025
